Analysis of Debating Democracys The Media: Vast Wasteland or New Frontier? :: Democracy Debates Media Essays

Analysis of Debating Democracy's "The Media: Vast Wasteland or New Frontier?"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Debating Democracy's "The Media: Vast Wasteland or New Frontier?" Jarol Manheim and Douglas Rushkoff present opposing views of the media. Both authors raise the questions of what the media represents and what messages the media tries to send to the public. Is the media's coverage of events just for entertainment value or do the reports have political content and value? Are the viewers capable of distinguishing between the media's glitz and the real facts? Do different sources of the media system actually portray different views and stories? A key question is how typical objective reporting is. If the knowledge can easily be obtained elsewhere, it is possible to conclude with pluralists that citizens have the tools to govern themselves more or less democratically. If, on the other hand, there are serious shortcomings, one might agree with the power elite camp that the people, because they have insufficient meaningful information, wield less power than they could and should.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Manheim claims that the media is not as diverse as it claims to be. He states, Though for competitive purposes they might have us believe otherwise, most American news organizations have a great deal in common with one another . . . they define news itself in essentially the same terms. (Manheim, 1991) He argues that the media entertains the viewers rather than giving them information that is relevant and socially important. Manheim's view about what the mass media system actually does to the news is similar to what W. Lance Bennett lists as the four main media biases: fragmentation, normalization, personalization and dramatization (Bennett, 1996). These biases are described by Manheim as the media system "[rendering] the content of the news less burdensome by packaging it more attractively" (Manheim, 1991).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contrary to Manheim's views, Rushkoff looks at how the viewers are able to use and understand the media's messages. Rather than viewing the media as a mass system composed of the elite who view the public as a commodity, Rushkoff believes that the people strive to shape and understand the world through the messages the media portrays. Furthermore, he claims that the media is merely a reflection of the society that the viewers themselves have created. The viewers have the ability to choose which medium of media they will use (Internet, network, newspaper, etc.). Rushkoff says that the news has now become "interactive" and the people (particularly those under forty) have come to understand the media's symbols better (Rushkoff, 1994).

Forensic Scientists in Law Enforcement Essay

With the advancement in information technology, the complexity of criminal cases has also increased. This has led to rising incidences of highly sophisticated crimes that require a well grounded evidence that can help prosecutors to proof an individual guilty before a court of law. This can be done successfully by use of forensic science. Due to this it can be fully agreed that more forensic scientists should be employed in endeavor to deal with the rising cases of crime whose justification in court following due process is a challenge (Fridell, 2006, p.  27). If more forensic scientists are deployed, they will assist in the investigation of numerous cases on downfall of key financial and non-financial organizations that has been due to mismanagement of funds by misappropriation ,embezzlement and corruption. Here, the forensic accountants will play a critical role in gathering, analyzing interpretation and examination to search for accounting evidence that can be used for the successful prosecution of the offenders (Barnie, 2007, p. 11). The surveillance of crime by the security institutions currently utilizes digital technology for tracking crimes using CCTV cameras. This means more digital forensics are required to retrieve the digital images, reconstruct and interpret them so as obtain evidence that prosecute a person in accordance with the law of land. Therefore, the employment of more forensic scientists will make digital forensics more available. Currently, crimes related to documentations such as forgery of signature and certificates are common. If more forensic specialists are employed at an increasing rate, they will help in forensic examinations of these documents by analyzing and interpreting the results using handwriting and printmaking techniques for gathering evidence that is sufficient for enforcement of the law. Another area where forensic specialists can assist is in the field of economics for obtaining evidence required for assessing economic damages which include replacement of labor, loss of benefits and allowances, future medical expenses and costs and business proceeds (Moore, 2001, p. 14). More forensic scientists will make it easier to study engineering failures of buildings and machines. By utilizing engineering forensic science, the police and legal practitioners will be able to discover the source of the failures and who are responsible for them. This kind of evidence will form a firm ground for enforcement of the law through prosecution of the identified victims. More forensic specialist if employed will help in resolving cases that are related to mental problems. The forensic psychologists and psychiatrists will study, assess and identify illnesses associated with mental disorders and human way of living in order to acquire sufficient evidence for the court’ s benefit which may be predisposing factors towards criminal activities (Fridell, 2006, p. 35. Another area which will benefit from employment of more forensic scientist is the field of criminology. This would be through the use of combination in evidence from impressions like foot wears and finger print, control materials and remains evidence which are used for the examination of the validity held in the criminal evidence. Forensic biology also stand to benefit through employment of more forensic scientists who be used in conducting serological and DNA analysis of samples of obtained from body fluids and parts. The information obtained from this sample can be used for identification of suspect individuals who are at the scene of crime for trial in the courts of law. Sometimes, people die and get buried secretly thus making it difficulty to identify them due to lack of specialists who have knowledge and skills for relating human remains. Employment of forensic entomologists will assist in shading more light in such ambiguous situations where the courts require evidence of details like time and location of the death. More such experts will assist in using pathology knowledge in providing evidence for inquiry commissions investigating unknown possible causes of death (Ben, 2001, p. 21). The modern world is characterized with perpetual cases of chemical pollutions which are toxic to all living organisms. These pollutants cause numerous cases of deaths that go unidentified due to lack of specialists with technical skills and knowledge for studying , analyzing and relating the toxic effects of the pollutants to the organisms hence the producers of this pollutants go scout free. If more forensic toxicologist are employed, there will be sufficient evidence for prosecuting the polluter in a court of law where they can compensate those affected by the circumstance (Ben, 2001, p. 19). Employment of more forensic experts will focus weather conditions in specific areas been examined. This will be helpful in searching for evidence for causes of many aeronautical accidents that remain unresolved due to lack of tangible proof of their root causes. Such situations have led to failure of compensation by insurance companies to the airline companies. The same has been the benchmark towards various aviation related crimes which can then be adequately addressed through forensic science (Fridell, 2006, p. 43). It is also important to employ more forensic specialists since they will provide specialized and highly demanded interpretation skills of different languages that are necessary for legal evidence. This will assist a lot in areas that are multi-linguistic diverse. In conclusion therefore, employment of more forensic scientists accrues more benefits and will boost the judicial system in its principal objective of providing justice equitably to all. Reference Barnie Adrian (2007) Fundamentals of Forensic Science. Security Management, Vol. 51, pp. 11 Ben Rothke (2001) Digital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers and Internet. Security Management, Vol. 45, pp. 21, 29 Fridell Ron (2006) Forensic Science. London, Routledge, pp. 27, 35, 43 Moore Grace (2001) Detective Fiction and the Rise of Forensic Science. Critical Survey, Vol. 13, pp. 14

1984 Summary

There are few novels as influential as George Orwell’s 1984, which permeated pop culture with concepts like Big Brother and doublethink, while exploring the bleak future Orwell saw in totalitarianism. Part One 1984 begins with Winston Smith coming home to his small, run-down flat. At 39, Winston is old beyond his years and takes his time walking up the stairs, greeted at each landing by a poster stating BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU. In his small flat he can dim the wall-sized telescreen and lower the volume but cannot turn it off. He keeps his back to it because it is a two-way screen. Winston lives in what is known as Airstrip One, formerly Britain, a province of a large nation-state known as Oceania. He looks out his window at the Ministry of Truth where he works revising historical records to conform with the new versions of history the government is always producing. Winston works hard to appear a dutiful and fervent member of the Party, but privately despises it and the world he lives in. He knows this makes him what is known as a thoughtcriminal and assumes he will inevitably be exposed and punished. Winston has purchased a diary from a shop in a proletariat (the lower class of people referred to as proles) neighborhood, and has discovered that the placement of the telescreen in his apartment allows for a small area where he cannot be observed. He skips lunch at the canteen in order to come home and write his forbidden thoughts in this diary out of the telescreen’s range. It is a small act of rebellion. Winston admits to a sexual attraction to a woman at the Ministry of Truth, Julia. He has not acted on his attraction because he thinks she might be spying on him, and suspects she would inform on him. He is also paranoid about his superior, a man named O’Brien whom he suspects is part of the Brotherhood, a resistance movement led by the famous terrorist Emmanuel Goldstein. Part Two When Winston goes to work the next day, he sees Julia with her arm in a sling. When she stumbles, he helps her, and she passes him a note that reads I Love You. He and Julia begin a sexual affair, which is forbidden by the Party; Julia is even a member of the Anti-Sex League. Their first encounter is in a rural area. Later they begin renting a room above the shop where Winston purchased his diary. It becomes clear to Winston that Julia despises the Party as much as he does. The affair sparks memories in Winston of the civil war and his ex-wife, Katharine. At work, Winston meets a colleague named Syme who tells him about the dictionary he is working on for the new official language, Newspeak. Syme tells Winston that Newspeak is designed to make it more difficult for people to think in complex ways. Winston expects that this sentiment will cause Syme to disappear, and a few days later Syme is gone. Winston and Julia create a private sanctuary in the rented room, and tell each other that they are already dead. They believe that the Party will discover their crimes and execute them, but that it cannot take away their feelings for each other. O’Brien contacts Winston, confirms his involvement with the Brotherhood, and invites him to be a part of the resistance. Winston and Julia go to O’Brien’s large, well-appointed home and take an oath to join the Brotherhood. O’Brien gives Winston a copy of Emmanuel Goldstein’s book. Winston and Julia spend their time together reading it, learning the truth behind how the Party maintains its hold on society. They also learn about the use of a technique called doublethink, which allows Party members to believe contradictory concepts with ease, and how history has been changed to support perpetual warfare, which is used to keep a permanent state of emergency in place for crowd control purposes. Goldstein also argues that a revolution would be possible if the proles rose up en masse to oppose the government. While in their rented room, Winston and Julia are denounced by the shop owner, a member of the Thought Police, and arrested. Part Three Winston and Julia are taken to the Ministry of Love for punishment, and learn that O’Brien is actually a loyal party member who poses as a supporter of The Brotherhood in order to expose the disloyal. O’Brien begins torturing Winston. O’Brien is very open about the Party’s desire for power, and tells Winston openly that once he is broken and forced to change his thoughts in support of the Party, he will be placed back into the world for a time as an example, and then killed when his usefulness in that capacity is exhausted. Winston endures horrific pain and psychological stress as he is forced to adopt obviously untrue positions, such as stating that 2 2 5. The goal of the torture is to force Winston to abandon logic in favor of absorbing and repeating whatever the Party tells him. Winston confesses to a lengthy list of imaginary crimes. Winston breaks, but O’Brien is not satisfied, as Winston defiantly tells him that he still loves Julia and O’Brien cannot take that away from him. O’Brien tells him he will betray Julia in Room 101. Winston is taken there, and O’Brien reveals that they know everything there is to know about Winston—including his greatest irrational fear, rats. A wire cage is fitted over his face, and rats are placed in the cage. O’Brien tells Winston that the rats will gouge out his eyes and Winston loses the last bits of his sanity in terror, and just as the rats are coming for him he tells O’Brien to substitute Julia. Having betrayed Julia completely, Winston is truly broken. He is re-educated and released. He spends his days drinking heavily at a cafe. A few days later he meets Julia in a park, and they discuss their torture. Julia admits that she broke as well, and betrayed him. They both realize that their love for one another has been destroyed. They no longer care for each other as they once did. Winston goes to a cafe and sits there alone as the telescreens report an important victory for Oceania in the war against Eurasia. Winston is happy and has no more thoughts of rebellion, thinking that he loves Big Brother, and cannot wait to finally be executed.

Religious Freedom And Expression Across The World

Religion is one of the most sensitive issues and almost all people participate in some kind of religious practice. Even though every religion encourages the idea of peace, tolerance, and acceptance almost no person stays peaceful or tolerates anyone or anything when it comes to religious differences. History is full of religious wars and some of them have continued for years and were the cause of many of men, women, and children’s deaths. The issue of religious freedom and expression across the world has been apparent since the beginning of time and it seems as though these expressions have separated many groups of people throughout history. Issues of religious confliction and persecution has also been a major problem throughout the history of mankind. From Wars to genocide and slavery, religion has been on the forefront of some of mankind’s most disturbing moments and is commonly used as a justification of such acts. These events have effected not only America but ever y country in the world and every demographic across the globe. Throughout this paper many of these events will be discussed in an attempt to open our eyes to how much religion really does separate us as a people. As religious freedom in America began to develop the splintering of Christianity resulted in more than 900 denominations of that faith currently existing in the United States, of which the vast majority of Americans are members. These Christian teachings though also led to one of America’s biggestShow MoreRelatedNgos And Freedom Of Expression1719 Words   |  7 Pages NGOs and Freedom of Expression NGOs are significant actors in defending the human right to freedom of expression worldwide. 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RSV Is the Leading VIral Agent Respiratory Tract Disease...

Epidemiology: RSV plays a major role in respiratory infection among the childhood population, especially infants and younger children. It is the leading viral agent respiratory tract disease worldwide, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. There are about 100,000 cases and 4,500 deaths yearly of RSV infections in the United States (1). Typically, all children are infected with RSV by age 2 to 3; however, the infections can reemerge up to 5 to 6 per year. RSV was first extracted from chimpanzees that were showing upper respiratory tract disease as an agent in 1956 (1). The chimpanzees had an upper respiratory tract illness in addition to coryza, runny nose, and malaise. The humans that interacted with these†¦show more content†¦How RSV works: . The F (fusion) glycoprotein is responsible for membrane fusion such as viral penetration and syncytium formation. The G (glycoprotein) protein is responsible for viral attachment and a major antigenic determinant of RSV since it induces protective antibodies (3). The SH (small hydrophobic) protein, matrix protein (M), and the M2 protein are envelope-associated proteins that are not involved in viral attachment or syncytium formation (3). Other proteins such as the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), and the large nucleoprotein (L) are in the nucleocapsid. NS-1 and NS-2 are non-structure protein that is only found in the infected cells but not present in virions (3). RSV activation: RSV comes into the airway epithelium from the apical side only and aims to destroy the ciliated epithelia cells (4). Then RSV buds and releases the virus from the apical surface (4). RSV is caused by TLR3 activation. It initiates infections by binding to a cellular receptor and then the viral envelope fuses with the plasma membrane. The virus attaches the cell through the main protein, the G protein and fuses with the plasma membrane of the host cell through the F protein. After penetration, the nucleocapsid of the virus is released into the cytoplasm where replication occurs (3). The viral RNA is like a template for mRNA (3). The mRNA’s job is to translate the viral proteins and complementary RNA serves as a template for virion RNAShow MoreRelatedRespiratory Syncytial Virus ( Rsv )1305 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is considered the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children. Each year, 4-5 million children younger than 4 years acquire an RSV infection, and more than 125,000 are hospitalized annually in the United States because of this infection. (Medscape, 2016). Etiology RSV is the most common cause of LRTI’s leading to morbidity and mortality in children across the world. Most children have acquired an RSV infectionRead MoreCommunity Acquired Pneumonia18251 Words   |  74 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases prevalent nowadays and affects all ages. It is an acute or chronic infection of one or both lungs caused by microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria or chemical irritants. (Schmitt, 2011) It has different types, and one of them is Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). CAP is a disease in which individuals who have not recently been hospitalized develop an infection of the lungs. It occurs because the areas of the lung

Advantages of Road Transport Free Essays

There are numerous advantages of road transport in comparison to other modes of transport. 1. Less capital quality:- Road transport required much less capital investment as compared to other modes of transport such as railways and air transport. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of Road Transport or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Door to door services: – The outstanding advantage of road transport is that it provides door to door or warehouse to warehouse services. 8. Saving in packing cost: – As compared to other modes of transport, the process of packing in motor transport is less complicated. Goods transported by motor transport require less packing or no packing in several cases. Flexible services:- Road transport has a great advantage over other modes of transport for its flexible services. Its routes and timings can be adjusted and changed to individual requirements without much inconvenience. 5. Suitable for short distance:- Delays in transit of gods on account of intermediate loading and handling are avoided. Goods can be loaded direct into a road vehicle and transported straight to their place of destination. Price skimming is a business technique which involves charging a high price for a product when it is released initially, and gradually lowering the price over time. The goal of this practice is to ensure that the price matches consumer willingness to pay, generating profits for the company both over time and in the short term. nder some market conditions, the use of price skimming is a strategy to grab higher profits with a new or differentiated product. By charging high prices initially, a company can build a high-quality image for its product. Charging initial high prices allows the firm the luxury of reducing them when the threat of competition arrives. By contrast, a lower initial price would be difficult to increase without risking the loss of sales volume. How to cite Advantages of Road Transport, Papers

Demand and Supply Analysis of Australian Organic Market

Question: Discuss about the Demand and Supply Analysis of Australian Organic Market. Answer: Introduction: The essay paper has been critically designed to discuss the relation between supply and demand of a product in order to fix the product pricing. Supply and demand can be identified as the fundamental of economics to determine the product pricing of a particular product in a given market. The term supply mainly delineates the quality of a particular product offered to the consumers in a specific market. Conversely, the demand for a product signifies the actual quality needed for market consumers (Hochwald, Davidson and Smolensky, 2015). Meanwhile, the theoretical concept of demand and supply can control the pricing of a product in any given marketplace. Fundamentally, if supply remains constant for a particular product and demand increases, the price of the product will surge in an automatic way. Also, if supply shortage of a product can be seen, the price of a product will also increase. The identified article has been taken into consideration to know more about the demand surge of organic food products in the Australian market and the impact of the surging demand in the product pricing (Hendy, 2012). The growing demand for organic food products and organic wine has created significant investment opportunities for many entrepreneurs. Moreover, the healthy food habits and lifestyle of the Australian public has driven the demand for organic foods, cosmetics and beverages to the next level. In the current market scenario, Australians have shown more interest in chemical-free food products, cosmetics and beverages in the recent time. According to a report published by the Biological Farmers of Australia (BFA), 60 percent of Australians have gone for organic products whereas in 2008, the percentage recorded was 40. The sudden surge in demand for the organic products has opened up new prospects for the agricultural industry. Under the existing circumstances, the current growth rate of organic market is mere 1%. Meanwhile, due to the outstanding demand formation, the BFA has predicted that the organic industry will grow by 3-5% by 2020 (Hendy, 2012). Such expansion of the organic market in the retail industry can deliver massive economic structure to deal with in the upcoming future. Herein, the major question to be asked whether the massive surge in demand for the organic product will increase the price of those goods or not (Aspris et al., 2013). Through the identificatio n of vast retailers and market consumers available in the Australian market, a prediction of future pricing will be evident. The expanding business dimensions of the organic industry are not restricted by investments or availability of resources. Moreover, the booming growth in organic food, cosmetics and beverage industry has not impacted the pricing too much (Ravindra and Iyer, 2014). It can be seen through recent study that the production of organic products has increased in the recent years that has made the products easily available in the market. Currently, the supermarkets have turned towards the growth of organic product section with easy availability of products that has kept the supply adequate in the market (Hendy, 2012). A figure has been presented below that shows how the production of organic products have increased in the recent years. Figure: Increase in Organic farming Source: (Dring, 2013) The current situation of demand and supply in the organic market of Australia can be explained with the help of the diagram given below. It can be seen from the figure that the demand of organic products is increasing that may lead to a rise in the price of the products (Halpin, Daugbjerg and Schvartzman, 2011). A shift can be seen in the demand curve from D to D1 that leads to an increase in the price from P to P1. But, in actual scenario, the supply is also increasing due to new ventures and easy availability of products that has led to a shift in the supply curve from S to S1 results in stabilising the price at P. Figure: Australian Organic Market Demand-Supply Source: (Conacher and Conacher, 2011) Hence, it can be seen from the above explanation that the price of organic products has not raised in the past years because of increasing supply of the product. Many new farmers have moved towards the cultivation of organic products (Lockeretz, 2007). Along with that, new brands of organic products have been introduced by several small entrepreneurs that increase the level of competition and keep the price controlled. It is expected that the demand for organic products will rise at a higher pace as compared to the quantity supplied (Newton, 2015). This is because of the scarcity of water resources in the nation. Along with that, the increase price of water and draught in the nation will impact the production of organic products. The demand will keep on rising that will impact the price of the products in the future. A graph has been presented below for better understanding. Figure: Demand Supply Curve Source: (Hochwald, Davidson and Smolensky, 2015) It can be seen from the above graph that the quantity demanded for organic products will increase in the future that will shift the demand curve from Demand before to Demand after. But, the supply will remain constant in the future. It will result in the rise of the price of organic products from P1 to P2 in the future. Hence, estimation shows that the organic market of Australia will evident a price hike in the future due to the higher rate of increase in the demand (Halpin, Daugbjerg and Schvartzman, 2011). The organic market in Australia has advanced in the best possible way carrying the most suitable performing categories such as food sector, cosmetics sector and wine industry. Moreover, the sustainable availability of the organic ingredients has controlled the pricing of the products in an efficient. Nevertheless, the surge in sudden demand from the target demographics of natural products can play a crucial role in the price range of the products. Though the organic products are priced at affordable price tags, in future the surge in demand can increase the costs. Conclusively, the stability in demand and supply of organic products has kept the prices in check in the Australia that can be changed in the future if the demand exceeds supply. References Aspris, A., Finch, N., Foley, S. and Meyer, Z. (2013). Fundamental-based Market Strategies.Australian Accounting Review, 23(4), pp.380-392. Conacher, J. and Conacher, A. (2011). An Update on Organic Farming and the Development of the Organic Industry in Australia.Biological Agriculture Horticulture, 8(1), pp.1-16. Dring, T. (2013). A Fresh Start for Organic Farming Research.Organic Farming, 1(1). Halpin, D., Daugbjerg, C. and Schvartzman, Y. (2011). Interest-group capacities and infant industry development: State-sponsored growth in organic farming.International Political Science Review, 32(2), pp.147-166. Hendy, N. (2012).Talk about organic growth. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/small-business/growing/talk-about-organic-growth-20120523-1z4fv.html [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Hochwald, W., Davidson, P. and Smolensky, E. (2015). Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis.Econometrica, 33(3), p.655. Lockeretz, W. (2007).Organic farming. Cambridge, MA: CABI. Newton, J. (2015).Profitable organic farming. Oxford: Blackwell Science. Ravindra, K. and Iyer, P. (2014). Decentralized demandsupply matching using community microgrids and consumer demand response: A scenario analysis.Energy, 76, pp.32-41.